Resumen: Las edificaciones multi-residenciales en altura en madera contralaminada se perfilan como una opción sustentable y rentable con posibilidades de industrialización, que abren el camino a nuevos paradigmas en la construcción. En este nuevo modelo edificatorio, la modulación estandarizada puede ser una eficiente estrategia para integrar plataformas de diseño y manufactura. Sin embargo, la aplicación de esta estrategia requiere del estudio y desarrollo de metodologías que permitan alcanzar la flexibilidad de diseño necesaria para obtener adecuados niveles de producción y personalización. En función de esto, este trabajo analiza las condiciones de modularidad observadas en cinco edificaciones construidas entre el 2002 y el 2016, con el propósito de estudiar los criterios de estandarización implementados. Para lograrlo, se hace un análisis de la modularidad subyacente en el diseño y las condiciones de variación o repetición presentadas. En este sentido, se observó el uso de criterios de modularidad distintos entre las primeras experiencias desarrolladas y las edificaciones más recientes, dados por el avance tecnológico de los últimos años. La investigación, permite aproximarse al entendimiento de las condiciones de modularidad asociadas a estas edificaciones, como aporte al desarrollo de metodologías que optimicen el diseño para la manufactura y ensamblaje.

Abstract: Multi-storey residential buildings in cross-laminated timber are emerging as a sustainable and profitable option with industrialization possibilities, that open the way to new paradigms in construction. In this new building model, the standardized modulation results in an efficient strategy to integrate design and manufacturing platforms. However, the application of this strategy requires the study and development of methodologies that achieve the necessary design flexibility to obtain adequate levels of production and customization. Based on this, this work analyzes the modularity conditions observed in five buildings built between 2002 and 2016, in order to study the standardization criteria implemented. To achieve this, an analysis is made of the underlying modularity in the design and the conditions of variation or repetition presented. In this sense, the use of different modularity criteria was observed between the first experiences developed and the most recent buildings, given by the technological progress of recent years. The research allows us to approach the understanding of the modularity conditions associated with these buildings, as a contribution to the development of methodologies that optimize the design for manufacturing and assembly.

The present study describes the main characteristics of the proteolytic activities of the velvetbean caterpillar, Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner, and their sensitivity to proteinase inhibitors and activators. Midguts of last instar larvae reared on an artificial diet were homogenized in 0.15 M NaCl and centrifuged at 14,000 g for 10 min at 4ºC and the supernatants were used in enzymatic assays at 30ºC, pH 10.0. Basal total proteolytic activity (azocasein hydrolysis) was 1.14 ± 0.15 absorbance variation min-1 mg protein-1, at 420 nm; basal trypsin-like activity (N-benzoyl-L-arginine-p-nitroanilide, BApNA, hydrolysis) was 0.217 ± 0.02 mmol p-nitroaniline min-1 mg protein-1. The maximum proteolytic activities were observed at pH 10.5 using azocasein and at pH 10.0 using BApNA, this pH being identical to the midgut pH of 10.0. The maximum trypsin-like activity occurred at 50ºC, a temperature that reduces enzyme stability to 80 and 60% of the original, when pre-incubated for 5 and 30 min, respectively. Phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride inhibited the proteolytic activities with an IC50 of 0.39 mM for azocasein hydrolysis and of 1.35 mM for BApNA hydrolysis. Benzamidine inhibited the hydrolysis with an IC50 of 0.69 and 0.076 mM for azocasein and BApNA, respectively. The absence of cysteine-proteinases is indicated by the fact that 2-mercaptoethanol and L-cysteine did not increase the rate of azocasein hydrolysis. These results demonstrate the presence of serine-proteinases and the predominance of trypsin-like activity in the midgut of Lepidoptera insects, now also detected in A. gemmatalis, and suggest this enzyme as a major target for pest control based on disruption of protein metabolism using proteinase inhibitors.